Answer:

Question 1
a)Database management system (DBMS) is a software system that enable users to define, create and maintain   the database and provides control access to this database.
b)Procedural access is to access data without any compliented coding.
c)Database tuning is includes tools such as utility programs to monitor and improve database performance.

Question 2
a)Differences between a file based database and DBMS:
  -File based database
     1)each application program had its own files.
     2)take time to manipulate data
     3)information is entered many times in many formats due to output, which is required.
 -DBMS
     1)database system
     2)each database file is shared by many application programs and data can be modified easily.
     3)gathers stores and manipulate data quickly.

b)Disadvantages of file Based Database:
    -duplication of data
    -data integrity problem
    -limited data sharing
    -lenght development

c)data dictionary is might be a catalogue that can be retrieved by user and also DBMS.its hold data about the scheme , user , application , and etc.

Question 3.
a)features  of  DBMS:
   -definition of database
   - nonprocedural access
   -application development
   -procedural language interface
   -transaction processing
   -database tuning

b)advantages of data dictionary;
    -information about data can be assembled and stored permanently as a source.
    -the enhancement of security level
    -integration can be identified
    -provide audit information

Question 4.
a)the complex structures are created by the DBMS in order to allow multiuser access to the database.By using sophisticated algorithms, multiple users can access the database concurrently without compromising the integrity of the database.

b)advantages of DBMS;
   -control of data redundancy
   - file consolidation
   -data consistency
   -improve data integrity
   -improve security
   -access versatility
   -program and file independence


Section C.
Question 1.
a)functions of DBMS:
   -data storage, retrieval and update
   -data dictionary management
   -transaction support
   -multiuser access control
   -backup and recovery management
   -security management
   -support for data communication
   -data integrity management
   -services to promote data independence
   -utility services

b)primary key:
   the most important and most commonly used.every table should have primary key because primary
   key  provides a link between tables.

  foreign key:
   which must be enforced by the DBMS, must ensure that no component of the primary key is allowed
    to take the undefined value.

Question 2
a)Agree .database security is a protection from an authorized user, without a suitable security level ,
   data integration will be easier to change compared to the file based system.
b)characteristics of a DBMS:
   -persistent
   -shared
   -interrelated

Section b

a)*create the database and relation structures
   *perform basic data management , task such as insention, modification deletion of data from relations.
   *perform both simple and complex queries to transform the ran data into information
   *controlling database security

b)data definition language
   - a part of SQL used to create a database, modify its stucture and destroy it after no longer its need it.
 
   data manipulation language
  -performs database maintenance which user can used to manipulate data in database such as retrieve,
   add modify.

  data control language
   -provides security for the database to avoid database become corrupted.

Question 2

b)4 function of CASE tools:
    -diagramming
    -documentation
    -analysis
    -prototyping tools

c)conceptual design: the design must be software independent because the system can be set up within
   any hardware and software choose later.

   logical design: translate to conceptual design into the internal model for a selected dbms , examples access,            

  physical design:concering with the selection of the database data storage and data access characteristics.